How can I correct a nutrient excess in soil?

Question

The soil sample I took last fall from my vegetable garden came back from the lab with this result:

                                                Optimum Range
Calcium, Mehlich 3 (Ca)     2063     (ppm)  H   800 - 1200   
Magnesium, Mehlich 3 (Mg)   416      (ppm)  H   60 - 120     
Potassium, Mehlich 3 (K)    573      (ppm)  VH  170 - 280    
Phosphorus, Mehlich 3 (P)   248      (ppm)  VH  30 - 50      

Where "VH" means "very high" and H means "high".

Fortunately the pH is 6.5, which is about where I want it. However, all the lime and manure I've added over the past few years has kind of thrown things out of whack...

According to this handy chart:

• Too much potassium "Causes N[itrogen] deficiency in plant and may affect the uptake of other positive ions such as Mg and Ca".
• Excess phosphorus "shows up as micronutrient deficiency of Zn, Fe, or Co".

Obviously, I don't need to add fertilizer except for nitrogen.

Is this something I should try to balance out? How?

Answer 1

This is an interesting question. I have studied the chart you mention and, besides all the deficiency/ toxicity symptoms that it states may result from an excess of these nutrients, I would add that in the long term (1) excess calcium can increase the pore space in the soil to as much as 50%, as a result of which the soil dries out too quickly, water uptake is severely reduced and this leads to disease and/or low yields, and (2) excess potassium can contribute to the proliferation of pathogenic organisms and bacteria.

If your soil is rich enough in humus, you can avoid adding any more manure or standard fertilizer, and it should slowly normalize. For nitrogen, I would use a product such as blood meal (12% nitrogen, but only 1% phosphorus and 0.6% potassium). This is ideal for nitrogen-hungry greens, although perhaps not for cabbages, as it produces a mildly acidic soil reaction; nor, of course, for beans and peas, which have root nodules which fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Unfortunately, in soils like yours, where the phosphorus level is between 150 to 350 ppm, it can take from 3 to 5 years for the phosphorus balance to return to normal.

Answer 2

P 150 ppm optimum: 46-76 K 245 ppm optimum: 200-221 Ca 1645 ppm ---------------- Mg 201 ppm ---------------- pH 6.5 optimum: 6.0 - 6.8

I have a similar problem. In years past I over fertilized with balanced chemical fertilizer including triple super phosphate. The result was lots of symptoms especially in cucumbers, tomatoes, melons ect.

A few years ago I changed. Started adding about 1 pound per thousand sq feet ammonium-sulfate (20-0-0) to boost nitrogen and also 3 pounds per thousand bloodmeal. This resulted in a slow decrease in P & K year to year and some improvement in symptoms.

I now have stopped adding compost and stockpile it for later use in order to stop recycling P & K in hope of bringing those values down more rapidly. I till in as much grass clippings as I can to increase organic matter and intend to treat the soil with peatmoss this spring.

I find it difficult to establish reliable optimum ranges. The optimum P & K values given above are from Kansas State Soil Testing Lab.

Anybody got any comments ?