Never use garden soil, soil from out of doors in pots for potted plants.  Hard and fast rule.  Use only sterilized potting soil, potting medium.  There is rarely any 'soil' in a potting mix.  The key is sterilization.  You do not want any disease or hibernating insect to find a great vector to grow and multiply.

Use just plain cheapo sterilized potting soil.  Do not buy any potting soil with gimmicks such as water holding gels and sponges!  Make sure that absolutely no fertilizer has been added to that soil either.

You need to be in total control of fertilizer.  Less is Best, More is Death and None is Dumb...a little ditty about fertilizer to go by.

No gravel or rocks or packing peanuts should be used beneath the soil.  Use just soil above the drainage hole. Prop the pot up off the surface it sits with 1/4 inch tiles or 'pot feet'...

For your aloe vera make sure the pot is not too large.  A cactus or succulent plant 6" high 6" wide should be planted in a 6 to 8" diameter clay pot.  3 to 4 inches in height.  More shallow than tall. 1" from soil to rim. Too much wet soil will kill these desert plants. Water ONLY when very very dry.  Use a bit of fertilizer (Osmocote 14-14-14 extended release 1/2 the amount the directions suggest).  Great lighting...south window be careful with direct sun through the window. Never take the plant out side and put it in direct sun either nor take a plant indoors used to no sun and put it in direct sun from the kitchen window.... without acclimation.

Use ONLY potting medium (soil) for ALL plants planted in pots, planters.  Never use garden soil for any potted plant.  If you want more information about why this is necessary we could talk more...

Note: Yes, Walmart will have a garden aisle where you can buy a pot, the fertilizer and the potting soil.

Potting soil can be found in grocery stores, I kid you not.  Walmart, Home Depot, Lowes, Nurseries...some countries are unable to get potting soil of any kind so I've learned.  No gimmicks or fertilizer!

Look for a small bottle of Osmocote All Purpose fertilizer 14-14-14 extended release.  That will be good for ALL plants.  Use half of the recommendation amounts.  When my Aloe Vera grew up and matured to have leaves 3 to 4" in width, then that aloe gell stuff became phenomenal on cuts and open sores.  Stinks very very badly but your cut or oweee turns black like a scab in half an hour!  Amazing plant.  Keep it in one spot only unless you have a covered patio you could take it out for the summer. No direct sunlight.   Have fun!