What do I need to know to build stone steps?

Question

• Can I do this safely and economically by myself?
• What skills do I need to build using natural stone?
• What's better about doing it yourself? Why wouldn't I hire a contractor?
• What do I need to know before I start?

Answer 1

You can build your own steps using flagstone, some simple tools and your planning and labour.

While this is not a beginner project, with preparation you can have the satisfaction of doing a great safe job that a contractor would charge thousands of dollars for. Be prepared to invest some time in thinking before you start digging. Here are some of the issues to consider:

• what kind of soil do you have: clay, sand, soil or whatever the builder left behind? Compacted clay soil can support stone laid directly on top. Sandy soil offers very little frost heave and no support for stone.
• measurements: the length and height, width of the area
• transition areas, top, bottom sides: how will you deal with these areas?
• what is the amount of rainfall and frost heaving in your area?
• how will you dispose of the soil? I needed a 40 yard dump bin.
• what kind of traffic: just foot traffic, lawnmowers?, wheelbarrows? skiers?
• what kind of style: formal characterized by a symmetric design, more straight lines or informal, rustic?
• many areas have bylaws regarding steps and they have them for safety reasons. Investigate whether you need handrails and other best practices.
• Utilities: gas, phone, cable. Call before you dig and get them marked.

See related material here

• Tools you need
• Working safely
• Step by step with pictures and diagrams
• A finished project and more tips

Here is a "before" picture of the slope I had to deal with

Answer 2

I would also like to add that you need to consult your local planning laws.

For our local council they only allow a certain amount of cutting and filling before you need to apply.

There is also limits on the size of retaining walls.